A few days ago someone was complaining that Dr. salaries were driving up the cost of care. That isn't the case at all, but I also didn't have time to write-up how the healthcare system works. Here is my explanation.
Healthcare consists of 3 primary verticals and functional groups:
1. Providers - healthcare systems that employ Dr's & Nurses and provide care
2. Payers - insurance companies that steward dollars to pay for care (reimbursement)
3. Life Sciences - drug makers
I an ideal & non-corrupt world, people would pool money, it would be invested to earn interest, and distributed as people needed so that providers could focus on delivering care rather than managing a bank. Along the way, the Life Sciences companies realized that Chronic Disease as-a-service was much more profitable than actually curing root cause issues. They started off paying physicians to prescribe medications that caused certain side effects that could be monetized, but then realized is was much easier to simply control the formularies that determine which medicines and individual doc can prescribe, particularly when they are employed by a larger health system.
Fast forward to 2009 and the ACA (Obamacare) a lot of acceleration was brought to this process and some significant policy implications most of the populace has zero idea about:
1. We limited the profit margin of insurance companies to 20%. With many of these companies being publicly traded companies, it gave them 2 levers to pull: A. increase revenue via premium increases. B. Diversify
2. The diversification plays for UnitedHealth, Anthem, etc. all fell into the following strategies: buy-up the Pharmacy Benefit Managers (PBM) & build out Health Savings Accounts. UnitedHealth and Optum are the largestd example and most advanced, but all of them fundamentally did the same thing.
Now you have an entity like UHC, where ~$200B of it's $450B in revenue comes from core business and it's diversification play, Optum, accounts for more than half of its business. The $250B (450-200) breaks down into the following areas:
1. OptumRX (PBM) = ~$130B
2. OptumHealth (HSAs) = ~100B
3. OptumInsights = ~10B)
Optum, controls the formularies through it's PBM, derives more of it's net margin from this business line, and is then incentivizing the Life Science companies to crank up their costs by underwriting and de-risking their entire product development and R&D cycles. This is fundamentally why drugs cost so much.
Optum also used our HSAs as a way to further underwrite the increase in our core insurance premiums
This is the game.
Physicians are pawns. Very few I know actually understand the system and are simply regurgitating what they've been taught in Med School, which is subsidized by the PBMs and Life Science companies that are pursuing Chronic Disease Management as a Service as the desired business model to maximize their shareholder value. They are simply doing what they've been taught.
If we had any moral people in those organizations and their boards, they should've asked to stop. I also think breaking these up, particularly the PBMs via anti-trust measures is a necessary step to actually rectifying the entire mess. Medicare is also the largest purchaser of pharma products via CMS and has leverage here if used properly.
Healthcare consists of 3 primary verticals and functional groups:
1. Providers - healthcare systems that employ Dr's & Nurses and provide care
2. Payers - insurance companies that steward dollars to pay for care (reimbursement)
3. Life Sciences - drug makers
I an ideal & non-corrupt world, people would pool money, it would be invested to earn interest, and distributed as people needed so that providers could focus on delivering care rather than managing a bank. Along the way, the Life Sciences companies realized that Chronic Disease as-a-service was much more profitable than actually curing root cause issues. They started off paying physicians to prescribe medications that caused certain side effects that could be monetized, but then realized is was much easier to simply control the formularies that determine which medicines and individual doc can prescribe, particularly when they are employed by a larger health system.
Fast forward to 2009 and the ACA (Obamacare) a lot of acceleration was brought to this process and some significant policy implications most of the populace has zero idea about:
1. We limited the profit margin of insurance companies to 20%. With many of these companies being publicly traded companies, it gave them 2 levers to pull: A. increase revenue via premium increases. B. Diversify
2. The diversification plays for UnitedHealth, Anthem, etc. all fell into the following strategies: buy-up the Pharmacy Benefit Managers (PBM) & build out Health Savings Accounts. UnitedHealth and Optum are the largestd example and most advanced, but all of them fundamentally did the same thing.
Now you have an entity like UHC, where ~$200B of it's $450B in revenue comes from core business and it's diversification play, Optum, accounts for more than half of its business. The $250B (450-200) breaks down into the following areas:
1. OptumRX (PBM) = ~$130B
2. OptumHealth (HSAs) = ~100B
3. OptumInsights = ~10B)
Optum, controls the formularies through it's PBM, derives more of it's net margin from this business line, and is then incentivizing the Life Science companies to crank up their costs by underwriting and de-risking their entire product development and R&D cycles. This is fundamentally why drugs cost so much.
Optum also used our HSAs as a way to further underwrite the increase in our core insurance premiums

This is the game.
Physicians are pawns. Very few I know actually understand the system and are simply regurgitating what they've been taught in Med School, which is subsidized by the PBMs and Life Science companies that are pursuing Chronic Disease Management as a Service as the desired business model to maximize their shareholder value. They are simply doing what they've been taught.
If we had any moral people in those organizations and their boards, they should've asked to stop. I also think breaking these up, particularly the PBMs via anti-trust measures is a necessary step to actually rectifying the entire mess. Medicare is also the largest purchaser of pharma products via CMS and has leverage here if used properly.