Depends on three things, how much of the spending is new, timing, and the permanence of the spending.
If it's a one time direct shock of new spending, you could get a bump in inflation, indirect or indirect/ induced. But it will wash but if not permanent. That wont happen.
Likely what will happen with something like this is they funnel the money into state transportation development trust funds, and the states put it into their own five year rolling contract processes. If the money goes into energy, that'll offset the natural commission hikes. Off the bat the states will compensate for the new spending with reduced expenditures on their own, or it'll get so far drawn out that the money is either never spent or spent too slowly for inflation to take hold.
Spending a trillion bucks isn't like going on a booze and restaurant bender.
PS I would charge a $100k for that info I just gave you free.